Ordering Anti-Neoplastic Testing Kits
***Kits contain 12 swipes and all necessary info/forms required for analysis**
Email: pds_tox@usask.ca with the following info:
- The number of kits to be purchased
- Address(es) for the kits to be sent
- Contact info for accounting department. Do NOT include payment info in the email (credit card or other payment options). Our accounting department will contact you regarding payment/purchase orders etc.
The purchased kits will be sent out usually the same day by Purolator.
Ergot and Mycotoxin Analysis
Mycotoxin Ergot Submission Guidelines
Mycotoxin and Ergot testing must be submitted with the Mycotoxin Ergot Nitrate Toxin submission form.
PDS has implemented a $30.00 per sample grinding charge for Mycotoxin/Ergot testing. This charge will apply to feed that is submitted whole/un-ground. Ground samples can be submitted without the additional charge, but results will NOT be guaranteed for samples that cannot pass through a 35mesh (0.5 mm; flour consistency). Indicate on the Mycotoxin Ergot submission form if grinding is required.
Sampling Guidelines:
For Mycotoxin and Ergot analysis, correct sampling is critical since the toxin levels can be very high in the few contaminated seed heads and low or zero in unaffected heads. It is important that the sample accurately reflects the bulk lot.
- In order to ensure that the sample is representative, it is essential that particles are not excluded ore included based on size or location in the bulk lot.
- In a bulk lot that has been thoroughly mixed, it is assumed that all particles are evenly distributed, where as a lot that has been contaminated due to moisture leaks, etc. may only be contaminated in isolated pockets.
- It is important to not miss these pockets, or sample only them, as they are not a good representation of the whole lot.
The best way to sample a static lot (storage bin, railcar, truck, sack, etc.) is an accumulation of many small samples taken from different locations throughout the lot (at least 5 locations).
- The sampling probe should be long enough to reach the bottom of the container.
- It is recommended that each portion be about 200 g and one portion be taken for every 20 kg of product.
- If this aggregate sample is too large, it should be blended, and a representative subsample of an appropriate size (~ 1 kg) taken.
- Dynamic lots such as conveyor belts should involve multiple samples across the entire cross section of the moving stream.
Samples should be packaged in a large heavy duty zip lock freezer bag then shipped in an appropriately sized box; clearly identified with the sample ID and owner's name and sent with the completed submission form to (do not place the submission form inside the bag with the sample):
Prairie Diagnostic Services
52 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4
(306) 966-7316
Samples may be shipped to PDS by bus, courier, or mailed.
5-fluorouracil (antineoplastic)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Blue Green Algae
Cadmium
Calcium *
Cholinesterase
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Cyclophosphamide (antineoplastic)
Ergot Panel – see Test Guide for compounds included
Iron
Lead
Magnesium *
Manganese
Mercury
Methemoglobin
Mineral Panel #1: Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo
Mineral Panel #2: K, Ca, Na
Mineral Panel #3: Tl, Pb, As, Cd
Mineral Panel #4: Be, Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As,
Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi
Molybdenum
Mycotoxin Panel – see Test Guide for compounds included
Nickel
Nitrate
Nitrite
Potassium *
Selenium
Sodium *
Strontium
Thallium
Tin
Vanadium
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Zinc
Adult Horse Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Serum / Blood
| Trace Mineral |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Serum |
>0.25 ppb (>0.00025 ppm) |
| Copper |
Serum |
0.5-2 ppm |
| Iron** |
Serum |
0.84-2.57 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
Serum |
18-35 ppm |
| Manganese** |
Serum |
0.5-2 ppb (0.0005-0.002 ppm) |
| Molybdenum |
Serum |
0.05-0.5 ppb |
| Selenium** |
Serum |
0.14-0.25 ppm |
| |
Blood |
0.17-0.25 ppm |
| Zinc |
Serum |
0.47-1.70 ppm |
** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
-- |
| Copper |
4.0-7.5 ppm |
| Iron |
100-300 ppm |
| Magnesium |
130-200 ppm |
| Manganese |
1.0-6.0 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
--
|
| Selenium |
0.3-1.0 ppm |
| Zinc |
40-125 ppm |
Adult Goat Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Serum / Blood
| Trace Mineral |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Serum |
Based on bovine data: 0.9-15 ppb |
| Copper |
Serum |
0.8-1.20 ppm |
| Iron** |
Serum |
1.3-2.3 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
Serum |
20-35 ppm |
| Manganese** |
Serum |
Based on bovine and ovine data: |
| |
|
Bovine: 0.006-0.70 ppm |
| |
|
Ovine: 0.08-0.51 ppm |
| |
Plasma |
>0.03 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Plasma |
Based on bovine and ovine data:
|
| |
|
Bovine: 0.01-0.10 ppm |
| |
|
Ovine: 0.01-0.7 ppm |
| Selenium |
Serum |
0.08-0.2 ppm |
| |
|
Ovine whole blood: 0.120-0.50 ppm |
| Zinc** |
Serum |
0.65-2.70 ppm |
| |
Blood |
1.4-2.82 ppm |
** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Based on bovine and ovine data: |
| |
Bovine: 20-85 ppb |
| |
Ovine: 30-90 ppb |
| Copper |
25-150 ppm |
| Iron |
50-130 ppm |
| Magnesium |
130-220 ppm |
| Manganese |
2.0-6.0 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Based on bovine and ovine data: |
| |
Bovine: 0.14-1.40 ppm |
| |
Ovine: 0.4-6.0 ppm |
| Selenium |
0.25-1.20 ppm |
| Zinc |
25-120 ppm |
Adult Sheep Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Serum / Blood
| Trace Mineral |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Serum |
Based on bovine data: 0.9-15 ppb |
| |
Blood |
0.15 ppm |
| Copper |
Serum |
0.7-2.0 ppm |
| Iron** |
Serum |
1.66-2.22 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
Serum |
20-35 ppm |
| Manganese** |
Serum |
0.08-0.51 ppm |
| |
Blood |
0.02-0.025 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Serum |
0.001-0.050 ppm |
| |
Plasma |
0.01-0.7 ppm |
| Selenium |
Serum |
0.08-0.4 ppm |
| |
Blood |
0.120-0.50 ppm |
| Zinc** |
Serum |
0.8-1.2 ppm |
** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
30-90 ppb |
| Copper |
25-100 ppm |
| Iron |
30-300 ppm |
| Magnesium |
118-200 ppm |
| Manganese |
2.0-4.5 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
0.4-6.0 ppm |
| Selenium |
0.25-1.5 ppm |
| Zinc |
30-75 ppm |
Adult Bovine Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Serum / Blood
| Trace Mineral |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Serum |
0.9-15 ppb |
| |
Blood |
0.15 ppm |
| Copper* |
Serum |
0.6-1.5 ppm |
| Iron** |
Serum |
1.3-2.5 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
Serum |
18-35 ppm |
| Manganese** |
Serum |
0.006-0.07 ppm |
| |
Blood |
0.07-0.09 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Serum |
0.01-0.10 ppm |
| |
Plasma |
0.08-10 ppm |
| Selenium** |
Serum |
0.07-0.3 ppm |
| |
Blood |
0.2-1.2 ppm |
| Zinc** |
Serum |
0.8-1.4 ppm |
* Copper in blood will decrease when liver stores become depleted (approx. ≤10 ppm ww). Therefore, normal blood copper does not rule out copper deficiency.
** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
20-85 ppb |
| Copper |
25-100 ppm |
| Iron |
45-300 ppm |
| Magnesium |
100-250 ppm |
| Manganese |
2-6 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
0.14-1.40 ppm |
| Selenium |
0.25-0.50 ppm |
| Zinc |
25-100 ppm |
Fetal/Newborn Calf Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Serum / Blood
| Trace Mineral |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Serum |
0.9-15 ppb |
| Copper* |
Serum |
0.6-1.5 ppm |
| Iron** |
Serum |
1.3-2.5 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
Serum |
18-35 ppm |
| Manganese** |
Serum |
0.006-0.07 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Serum |
0.01-0.10 ppm |
| Selenium** |
Serum |
0.13-0.16 ppm |
| Zinc** |
Serum |
1.5-2.5 ppm |
* Copper in blood will decrease when liver stores become depleted (approx. ≤10 ppm ww). Therefore, normal blood copper does not rule out copper deficiency.
** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
20-85 ppb |
| Copper* |
30-150 ppm |
| Iron |
40-400 ppm |
| Magnesium** |
100-250 ppm |
| Manganese*** |
0.6-6.0 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
0.14-1.40 ppm |
| Selenium* |
0.3-1.20 ppm |
| Zinc*** |
25-100 ppm |
*Fetus/newborn accumulates at the expense of the dam (Se will be approx. 2-4x the maternal concentration).
**Increase with gestation (Mn - 154 ppm at 100 days, 277-320 ppm at 280 days; Zn – 11-100 ppm at 100 days, 20-150 ppm at 280 days).
**Vary with stage of gestation: will be low (<1 ppm ww) until 2-3 weeks of age.
Adult Bison Trace Mineral Reference Ranges
Liver (wet weight basis)
| Trace Mineral |
Concentration |
| Cobalt |
Based on bovine data: 20-85 ppb |
| Copper |
25-100 ppm |
| Iron |
45-300 ppm |
| Magnesium |
100-250 ppm |
| Manganese |
2-6 ppm |
| Molybdenum |
Based on bovine data: 0.14-1.40 ppm |
| Selenium |
0.25-0.50 ppm |
| Zinc |
25-100 ppm |
Bovine Vitamin A and E Normal Values
| |
Age |
Sample |
Concentration |
| Vitamin A |
Adult |
Liver |
100-200 ppm ww |
| |
Adult |
Serum |
0.3-0.7 ppm |
| |
Newborn (1-9 days old) |
Liver |
14-36 ppm ww |
| |
Newborn (1-9 days old) |
Serum |
0.18-0.23 ppm |
| |
|
|
|
| Vitamin E |
Adult |
Liver |
4.0-9.0 ppm ww |
| |
Adult |
Serum |
3.0-10.0 ppm |
| |
Newborn (1-9 days old) |
Liver |
3.0-6.0 ppm ww |
| |
Newborn (1-9 days old) |
Serum |
0.8-1.2 ppm |
ww = wet weight
Important considerations:
-
Vitamin status of aborted/stillborn calves is not diagnostically useful. Vitamin A and E are poorly transported across the placenta, so the calf is completely reliant on good quality colostrum as its source of vitamins. The amount of vitamin A and E that dam have stored in her liver in late gestation will influence the amount of vitamin A and E that will be in the colostrum. Vitamin A is only stored in the liver for 2-4 months when sources are adequate. Vitamin E is only stored for a few weeks when sources are adequate. Therefore, ensuring supplementation and high-quality feed for cows throughout gestation is important to prevent deficiencies in calves. If vitamin status is a concern in the herd, please submit serum from the dam(s).